Invention of a Plastic | प्लास्टिक की खोज

          The first man-made plastic was created by 'Alexander Parkes' who publicly demonstrated it at the 1862 "Great International Exhibition" in London. the material called 'Parkesine' was an organic material derived from cellulose that once heated could be molded and retained its shape when cooled.

Celluloid

          Celluloid  is derived from cellulose and alcoholized comphor. 'John Wesley Hyatt' invented celluloid as a substitute for the 'Ivory' in 'billiard balls' in 1868. he first tried using a natural substance called collodion after spilling a bottle of it and discovering that the material dried into a tough and flexible film. However the material was not strong enough to be used as a billiard balls not until the addition of camphor a derivative of the laurel tree. the new celluloid could now be molded with heat and pressure into a durable shape.

         Besides billiard balls celluloid became famous as the first flexible photographic film used for still photography and motion picture. Hyatt created celluloid in a strip format for movie film. By 1900, movie film was an exploding market for celluloid.

Formaldehyde Resins-Bakelite

          After cellulose nitrate formaldehyde was the next product to advance the technology of plastic. around 1897 efforts to manufacture white chalkboards led to casein plastics (milk protein mix with formaldehyde) Galalith and Erinoid are two early tradename examples.

In 1899 'Arthur Smith' received British patents 16,275 for "phenol-formaldehyde resins use as an ebonite substitute in electrical insulation" The first patent for processing a formaldehyde resin.Howeverin 1907 Leo Hendrik Baekeland improved phenolformaldehyde reactiontechniques and invented the fully synthetic resin to become commercially successful with the trade name Bakelite.

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